Historian Cecil Adams explains that "it is generally thought that bagpipes are a Scottish
instrument. But in fact, both the Irish and Scottish branches of the Celtic tribes played
them, and some argue about who invented them. "A dying art a century ago, bagpipe
playing was revived in large part by Irish immigrants in the New World who wanted to
preserve their culture. Many of the guys were cops. For instance, Francis O'Neill, Chicago
police chief from 1901 to 1905, organized an 'Irish music club' that sparked renewed
interest in the bagpipes. When cops wanted to salute their fallen brethren they thought
quite naturally of the pipes, which had been played at funerals for hundreds of years.

"A big promoter of this practice over the past half century has been the Emerald Society,
an Irish fraternal organization found at many police departments. Many chapters sponsor
pipe-and-drum bands. Being practical folk, cops use Scottish version of the bagpipes,
which are louder and better suited to outdoor use the Irish counterpart.

The tradition of bagpipes played at fire department and police department funerals in the
United States goes back over one hundred and fifty years. When the Irish and Scottish
immigrated to this country, they brought many traditions with them. One of these was the
bagpipe, often played at Celtic weddings, funerals and ceilis (dances).

It wasn't until the great potato famine and massive Irish immigration to the East Coast of
the United States that the tradition of the pipes really took hold in the fire department. In
the 1800's, Irish immigrants faced massive discrimination. Factories and shops had signs
reading "NINA" - No Irish Need Apply. The only jobs they could get were the ones no one
else wanted - jobs that were dirty, dangerous, or both - firefighters and police officers. It
was not an uncommon event to have several firefighters killed at a working fire. The Irish
firefighters' funerals were typical of all Irish funerals - the pipes were played. It was
somehow okay for a hardened firefighter to cry at the sound of pipes when his dignity
would not let him weep for a fallen comrade.

Those who have been to funerals when bagpipes play, know how haunting and mournful
the sound of the pipes can be. Before long, families and friends of non-Irish firefighters
began asking for the piper to play for there fallen heroes. The pipes add a special air and
dignity to the solemn occasion.

Associated with cities such as Boston, New York, Philadelphia, and Chicago, pipe bands
representing both fire and police often have more than 60 uniformed playing members.
They are also traditionally known as Emerald Societies after Ireland - the Emerald Isle.
Many bands wear traditional Scottish dress while others wear the simpler Irish uniform.
All members wear the kilt and tunic, whether it is a Scottish clan tartan or Irish single
color kilt.

Today, the tradition is universal and not just for the Irish or Scottish. The pipes have
come to be a distinguishing feature of a fallen hero's funeral.